CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: 

Gwendolyn Vaughn Childs, Ph.D.
(formerly Gwendolyn Childs Moriarty, Ph.D.)

PRESENT POSITION:
Professor and Chair, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Science

CAMPUS ADDRESS:

Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences
College of Medicine
University of Arkansas for Medical Science
4301 W. Markham St. Slot 510
Little Rock, AR 72205-7199

email: childsgwenv@uams.edu
Direct email to IPhone: gvchilds@mac.com
Web page: http://www.cytochemistry.net/childs/Childs.htm 

TELEPHONE: (501) 686-7020
TELEFAX: (501) 686-6382

CELL: 501 952-5268

BIOLOGICAL:

Born:  November 28, 1944; Gordon, Nebraska
U.S. Citizen; Married: 1992--Gary D. Jones
Children: one son 

EDUCATION:

1962 - 1966 B.A. (Biology), Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington
1968-1972 Ph.D. (Anatomy), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

 PROFESSIONAL AND TEACHING EXPERIENCE:

1965 NSF Summer Fellow, Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

1966-1968 Research Technician, Electron Microscope Laboratory, Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

1967-1968 Graduate Student, Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

1968-1972 NSF Predoctoral Fellow, Neuroendocrinology Training Program, Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

1971-1972 Visiting Student, Dept Anatomy, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska

1972-1973 Consultant to Research Service EM Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska

1972-1973 Consultant to Edgewood Arsenal Research Laboratories, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland

1972-1974 Course Director, Nurses Anatomy, Univ Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

1972-1975 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

1974-1977 Principal Investigator, NIH R01 HD08842

1973-1974 Graduate Teaching, Co-Director Adv Physiology (Cell Biology), University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska

1974-1976 Principal Investigator, Basil O'Connor Starter Research Award National Foundation, March of Dimes

1974-1976 Co-course Director - Histology for Medical Students, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

1974-1976 Principal Investigator, Army Contract, Edgewood Arsenal

1975-1976 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

1976 Site Visit Teams, 2 grant centers, NICHD, NIH

1976 Graduate Teaching, Director - Advanced Histology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska

1976-1980 Associate Professor of Anatomy and Biological Science, The Medical School, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

1978-1980 Principal Investigator, NIH R01 HD10930 (continued from University of Nebraska, HD08842)

1977-1979 Course Director - Medical Microanatomy, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

1977-1979 Director, Ultrastructural Cytology (60 Undergraduates and Graduate Students), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

1977-1980 Principal Investigator, National Foundation, March of Dimes Basic Sciences Award

1977-1979 Director, Techniques in Electron Microscopy (15 students), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

1979-1984 Research Career Development Award, NIH HD00395

1980-1981 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

1980-1992 Teaching of Microanatomy, Department of Anatomy, UTMB

1981-present Professor of Anatomy & Neurosciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

1981-1994 Principal Investigator, NIH R01 HD15472 (continued from Northwestern University HD10930; Current award $498,081 total costs for 5 years beginning in 1989.)

1985, 1986 Ad hoc Study Sections, Reproductive Biology, AREA grants NIH

1985-1990 Principal Investigator, NSF DCB 8511627 and DCB 8710211

1986-1991 Principal Investigator, Project #3, Program Project Grant P01 HL37044

1983, 1984 Visiting Professor, The Weizman Institute, Department of Hormone Research, Rehovot, Israel (6 weeks)

1987-1990 Principal Investigator, Navy Contract N00014-88-K-0016

1986-1991 Adjunct Professor, Department of Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

1988, 1989 Site Visit Teams, 3 Center Grants in Reproductive Biology: Oregon Regional Primate Center; Columbia University; Salk Institute, P04 center grants, NICHD, NIH

1990-1992 Sealy-Smith Foundation Creative New Idea Award

1991-1993 Program Director-Anatomy Graduate Program

1991 Ad Hoc study section to review Special Centers for Infertility; NICHD; August 1991

1991 Site Visit Team: P30 Grant; Tufts University; September

1992-1995 Principal Investigator, NIH R01 DK 39553; "Functional Differentiation of Corticotropes"; $472,501 total

1992-1995 Principal Investigator, NSF DCB9018655; "Epidermal Growth factor modulation of corticotrope function"; $250,000 total award.

1992 Site Visit Team; Center Grant, Baylor College of Medicine; October, 1992

1992 NIH study section- Small Business Grant Awards; October, 1992

1993 Endocrinology study section 1993-1997

1993 Site visit teams Center Grants: Oregon Regional Primate Center; Columbia University, University of Michigan; Univ Calif. San Francisco

1993 Representative of the American Association of Anatomists to the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal (FASEB Journal) Editorial Board.

1996-2000 Chair, Membership Committee, The Endocrine Society

1996-2000 Member, Population Research Subcommittee, NICHD, NIH

1996-1999 Member, Health Professions Education Affairs Advisory Committee to the Texas State Coordinating Board.

1996-1999 Elected to Council, The Histochemistry Society

1997- 2000 Coordinator, Basic Science Core, New Medical Curriculum

1999: President elect; The Histochemistry Society

2000: Council, The International Neuroendocrine Society

2000: Winner of the Distinguished Teacher Award, University  of Texas Medical Branch, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences

2000: President, The Histochemistry Society

2000  April 1. Chair, Department of Anatomy; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. ( in 2003 became the Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences)

2002: Chair, Membership committee, The Endocrine Society.

2003:  PI, NSF IBN 0240907 Regulation of Leptin expression in the anterior pituitary ($342,599 total costs + $12,750 REU supplement)

2003-present: Director, Medical Microanatomy (Freshman)

2004: PI, NIH R03 HD 44857 Regulation of Leptin production by gonadotropes ($100,000, direct costs),   

2004: R21 HD 047467-01.  Cellular Basis for non-parallel gonadotropin release ($250,000 direct costs).

2004: Innovations in Education Award, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Co-Recipient with Dr. Robert McGehee for developing case-based PBL sessions for large groups.

2006-2008: Red Sash award (given by each Graduating Medical Class) to faculty who have most influenced them during their medical career  

2007: Runner up Golden apple award from Freshman Class

2006-2008: Council, Association of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Neurobiology Chairs.

2008-2009:  President-Elect (2008-2009) and President (2009-2010) of the Association of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Neurobiology Chairs.

General Research: Endocrinology, electron microscopic histochemistry, cell biology and cytophysiology.

Specific Projects: Mechanisms of regulation of synthesis, secretion and differential storage of pituitary hormones.  Cellular differentiation in the pituitary. Multipotential functions expressed by pituitary cells;  Releasing hormone binding and interaction with pituitary cells. Paracrine interactions between pituitary cells mediated by cytokines (leptin) and growth factors (EGF).  Effect of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.. Cross talk between nutritional state and pituitary gonadotropes or growth hormone cells 

Methods and approaches:  Cytochemical studies of hormone synthesis with in situ hybridization,  binding with biotinylated analogs of releasing hormone, and storage. Purification and differentiation of corticotropes, gonadotropes and somatotropes, Cre-lox knockouts of leptin and leptin receptors selectively in gonadotropes or somatotropes.  siRNA knockouts of leptin or leptin receptors in pituitary cells.

Multipotential and Multihormonal cell function in the anterior pituitary.

Grant support:

NSF IBN 9724066, "Epidermal Growth Modulation of Gonadotrope Function", August 1, 1997-Dec 31, 2000; PI; $150,000.

NIH R01 HD 33915-01 "Novel Somatotrope functions during ovulation" August 1, 1996-June 30, 2001; PI; $745,955 total award.

NIH R01 DK44363-01 "Regulation of Corticotrope Excitability". Co-investigator, 10%; Principal Investigator-Dr. Aileen Ritchie; $645,159 total award. 5/1/97--4/30/01.

Sealy Smith Development grant. "Novel somatotrope functions during ovulation" Feb 1, 1995-Jan 31, 1997;PI; $100,000.

NIH R01 DK44363-01 "Regulation of Corticotrope Excitability". Co-investigator, 10%; Principal Investigator-Dr. Aileen Ritchie; $487,900 total award. 5/1/92--4/30/96.

R01 HD 15472 Continuation of NIH Grant brought from Northwestern University in 1980 (R01 HD 10930). Principal Investigator, 40% "Hormone Storage and Secretion in Gonadotropes," University of Texas Medical Branch (Direct costs: $187,000, 1980-1985; funded supplement $20,000, 1985; $239,000, 12/1/85-11/30/88). Current award is: $498,081 total costs, 12/1/1989--8/31/1996.

NSF DCB 9018655 "EGF Modulation of Corticotrope function", Principal Investigator, 15%; Total award $250,000; 3-15-92--3-31-96.

NIH R01 DK 39553-01 "Functional Differentiation of Corticotropes," Principal Investigator, 25%; Total award: $472,501, 3-1-92--2-28-96.

Merck Contract. Tests of agonists on separated and enriched populations of gonadotropes. $16,404 total award, PI, 12/1/93-open

Merck Contract: Tests of agonist activity on enriched growth hormone cells. $23,500 total award, PI, 9/1/94--open.

NSF DCB-8511627, "Secretory Mechanisms in Pituitary Opiocortin Cells," Principal Investigator, University of Texas Medical Branch ($157,000 10/1/85-3/31/88)

Sealy-Smith Foundation Bridging Grant "Hormone Storage and Secretion in Gonadotropes" Principal Investigator, ($15,000, 4/1/89 - 3/31/90)

Rorer Foundation Contract "Immunohistochemical Studies of Pituitary Tumors", Principal Investigator, ($13,400).        

Program Project Grant, P01 HL37044, (Project #3, "Calcium Modulation of CRF Action in the Pituitary") - PI, Program Director - A.M. Brown, M.D., Ph.D., Dept Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX $215,960 direct costs for 7/86-6/91).

 NSF Grant DCB-8710291, "Modulation of CRH Action," Principal Investigator, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch ($80,000 4/1/88-3/31/90)

 US - Israel Binational Foundation grant to support collaborative studies with Dr. Zvi Naor, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel. ($38,900/year; 9/01/87-8/31/90) PI = Dr. Naor.

Navy Contract, N00014-88-K-0016, Principal Investigator, "Secretory Mechanisms in Opiocortin Cells During Cold Stress" (10/1/87-9/30/91 $257,415 total costs).

Sealy-Smith Foundation Creative New Idea Award "Modulation of Corticotrope Growth and Function in a New Enriched Pituitary Culture"  Principal Investigator, ($60,000, 09/01/90 - 03/01/92).

COMMITTEE RESPONSIBILITIES:

NIH Study Section, Reproductive Endocrinology, ad hoc member of special review group for AREA Grants, 1985, 1986

Site Visit Teams 1988: PO4 Center Grant, Reproductive Biology, 1989: Columbia University, Core Center Grant, Reproductive Biology, Oregon Reg. Primate Center; PO4 Center Grant, Reproductive Biology, LaJolla, Calif., 1990: P30 Center Grant, Reproductive Biology, Kansas City, 1991:P30 Center Grant, Tufts University 1992: Baylor College of Medicine 1993: Northwestern University P01; Oregon Regional Primate Center P30 Grant; Columbia University P50 grant; University of Michigan P30 Grant, Univ. Calif. San Francisco P30 Grant--(all of these are in Reproductive Biology)

Special Study Sections: Centers for Infertility Research; NICHD August, 1991; Small Business Grants-1992, 1993

Endocrinology Study Section: 1993-1995

Population Committee Panel Review for Center grants: November, 1995

 STATE COMMITTEES:

Texas Higher Education Coordinating Boards Health Education Advisory Committee. 

Representing University of Texas Medical Branch  January 1996-1999; Chair of ad hoc committees to review three programs:  Radiation Therapy (1996) Ph.D. in Integrative Biology (1997) and A Doctorate in Pharmacy ( 1998).

UTMB

Other (Past)

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Search committee, Dean, College of Medicine
Chairman, Council of Department Chairs
Ad hoc committee to design Medical Cell Biology.
Search committee, Chairs of Surgery, Ob-Gyn, and Internal Medicine
Dean’s Distinguished Lecture Committee; Chair 2006-2008
Course Directors committee
Promotions Committee
Chair, Search committee, Chair of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Chair, Search committee, Director of Diversity Recruitment
LCME review subcommittee
Chair, Criteria 4 Committee for NCA review
Co-Chair, Search committee, Pediatrics Chair

University of Central Arkansas
Member of the University of Central Arkansas College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics advisory board  2007-present

TEACHING RESPONSIBILITIES AT UTMB:

University of Arkansas for Medical Science

Medical School: Medical Microanatomy, Cell Biology Course Director, Medical Microanatomy 2003-present

Graduate School: Cell Biology

Selected Past Teaching
Microanatomy Course Director--Northwestern University, 1977-1979
Functional Cytology Course Director--Northwestern University 1976-1979
Microanatomy Co-Course Director--University of Nebraska 1975-1976
Cell Physiology Course Co-Director, University of Nebraska 1975

MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES:*=elected

BOARD CERTIFICATION: NA

LICENSURE INFORMATION: NA

HONORS:

Dr. K.N. Westlund, (Postdoctoral Fellow) Vector Laboratories Travel Award Histochemistry Society Meetings, 1983, Charleston, S.C. Abstract #36 in CV.

Dr. Axel Niendorf (Visiting Fellow) Vector Young Investigator Award; Histochemical Society Meetings, 1986, San Francisco, CA. Abstract #48 in CV.

Dr. Jonathan Lloyd, (Ph.D. Student) James E. Beall II Memorial Award in Anatomy and Neurosciences, for Best Ph.D. Dissertation in Neurosciences 1988, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.

Chris Swearingen, (M.D. Summer Student) First Prize for research and poster in an NIH Sponsored Research Program, 1989, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.

Dr. Ping Wu, (Ph.D. Student) Ralph D. Lillie Award for Best Paper Presented by a Graduate Student. International Meeting, US-Japan Histochemical Society, August 1990, Seattle,WA. Abstract #56 in CV.

Dr. Ping Wu, (Ph.D. Student) Travel Award ($500) for Best Poster in Neurosciences Session, Dec. 4, 1990. Galveston Chapter, Neurosciences Society, Abstract #57 in CV.

Dr. Ping Wu (Ph.D. Student) George Sealy award, 1990

Dr. Ping Wu, Ph.D. Dean's award at Graduation.

James Patterson (Ph.D. student) BEALL Award for Tuition payments. 1992; Two awards for Poster Presentation at the National Student Research Symposium, 1994

Xuemo Fan: Galveston Neurosciences Chapter Travel Award, 1993, Second place poster

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

Invited Speaker:

PUBLICATIONS:

A. ARTICLES IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS:

1. Moriarty, G.C. and Halmi, N.S. Electron microscopic localization of the adrenocorticotropin-producing cell with the use of unlabeled antibody and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 20:590-603, 1972.

2. Moriarty, G.C. and Halmi, N.S. Adrenocorticotropin-production by the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. An electron microscopic study. Z. Zellforsch. 132:1-14, 1972.

3. Moriarty, G.C., Moriarty, C.M. and Sternberger, L.A. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with unlabeled antibodies and the peroxidase-anti- peroxidase complex: A technique more sensitive than radioimmunoassay. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 21:825-833, 1973.

4. Moriarty, G.C. Adenohypophysis: Ultrastructural cytochemistry. A review. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 21:855-892, 1973.

5. Petrali, J.P., Hinton, D.H., Moriarty, G.C. and Sternberger, L.A. Quantitative immunocytochemistry of corticotropin by the unlabeled antibody enzyme method with and without peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP). J. Histochem. Cytochem. 22:782-801, 1974.

6. Moriarty, G.C., Halmi, N.S. and Moriarty, C.M. The effect of stress on the cytology and immunocytochemistry of pars intermedia cells in the rat pituitary. Endocrinology 96:1426-1436, 1975.

7. Moriarty, C.M. and Moriarty, G.C. Bioactive and immunoreactive ACTH in the rat pituitary: Influence of stress and adrenalectomy. Endocrinology 96:1419-1425, 1975.

8. Moriarty, G.C. Electron microscopic-immunocytochemical studies of rat pituitary gonadotrophs: A sex difference in morphology and cytochemistry of LH cells. Endocrinology 97:1215-1225, 1975.

9. Moriarty, G.C. Ultrastructural-immunocytochemical studies of gonadotrophs. Gunma Symposium on Endocrinology, Biology of Reproduction and its Hormonal Control. 13:207-219, 1976.

10. Moriarty, G.C. and Tobin, R.B. Immunocytochemical characterization of the thyrotroph in rat and human pituitaries. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24:1131-1139, 1976.

11. Moriarty, G.C. and Tobin, R.B. An immunocytochemical study of TSH storage in rat thyroidectomy cells with and without D or L thyroxine treatment. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24:1140-1149, 1976.

12. Moriarty, G.C. Immunocytochemistry of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24:846-863, 1976.

13. Hutson, J.C., Gardner, P.J. and Moriarty, G.C. Immunocytochemical localization of a follicle stimulating hormone-like molecule in the testis. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 25:163-174, 1977.

14. Spaur, R.C. and Moriarty, G.C. Improvements of glycol methacrylate. I. Its use as an embedding medium for electron microscopic studies. J. Histochem Cytochem.25:1637-1674, 1977.

15. Moriarty, G.C. and Garner, L.L. Immunocytochemical studies of cells in the rat adenohypophysis containing both ACTH and FSH. Nature 265:356-358, 1977.

16. Moriarty, G.C. Heterogeneity of ACTH containing cells in the rat pituitary (with emphasis on the structure and function of the intermediate lobe). Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 297:183-197, 1977.

17. Halmi, N.S. and Moriarty, G.C. The origin of ACTH in man. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 297: 170-182, 1977.

18. Childs, G.V., Hon, C., Russell, L.R. and Gardner, P.J. Subcellular localization of gonadotropins and testosterone in the developing fetal rat testis. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26:545-564, 1978.

19. Childs, G.V., Cole, D., Kubek, M., Tobin, R.B., Wilber, J.F. Endogenous thyrotropin releasing hormone in the anterior pituitary: Sites of activity as identified by immunocytochemical staining. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26:901-908, 1978.

20. Childs, G.V. and Ellison, D.G. Critique of the contributions of immunoperoxidase cytochemistry to our understanding of pituitary cell function. The Histochem. J. 12:405-418, 1980.

21. Ellison, D.G. and Childs, G.V. An improved method for the rapid collection of serial cells for electron microscopic analysis of their immunocytochemical stain. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 28:279-281, 1980.

22. Hutson, J.C., Childs, G.V. and Gardner, P.J. Considerations for establishing the biological significance of immunocytochemical stains. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 27:1201-1202, 1979.

23. Childs, G.V. and Ellison, D.G. An immunocytochemist's view of gonadotropin storage in the adult male rat. Cytochemical and morphological heterogeneity in serially sectioned gonadotropes. Am. J. Anat. 158:397-410, 1980.

24. Childs, G.V., Ellison, D.G., Yang, H.-Y., Kubek, M., Tobin, R.B. and Wilber, J.F. The effect of thyroidectomy, propylthiouracil and thyroxine on pituitary content and immunocytochemical staining of thyrotropin and thyrotropin releasing hormone. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29:357-363, 1981.

25. Bauer, T.W. and Childs, G.V. Studies of immunoreactive gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the rat anterior pituitary. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29:1171-1178, 1981.

26. Childs, G.V., Ellison, D.G., Foster, L. and Ramaley, J.A. Postnatal maturation of gonadotropes in the male rat pituitary. Endocrinology 109:1683-1693, 1981.

27. Naor, Z., Childs, G.V., Leifer, A.J., Clayton, R.N., Amsterdam, A. and Catt, K.J. Gonadotropin releasing hormone binding and activation of enriched population of pituitary gonadotropes. Mol. Cell Endocrin. 25:85-98, 1982.

28. Dudek, R.W., Childs, G.V. and Boyne, A.F. Quick-freezing and freeze drying in preparation for high quality morphology and immunocytochemistry at the ultrastructural level. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 30:129-138, 1982.

29. Weizman, F.H. and Childs, G.V. Ultrastructural immunohistochemical localization of anti-invasion factor (AIF) in bovine cartilage matrix. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 30:524-531, 1982.

30. Childs, G.V., Ellison, D.G. and Ramaley, J.A. Adrenocorticotropin storage in corticotropes and a subpopulation of gonadotropes during the stress non-responsive period in the neonatal male rat. Endocrinology 110:1676-1692, 1982.

31. Childs, G.V. and Unabia, G. Application of the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method to the light microscopic localization of pituitary hormones. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 30:713-716, 1982.

32. Childs, G.V., Ellison, D.G., Lorenzen, J.R., Collins, T.J. and Schwartz, N.B. Immunocytochemical studies of gonadotropin storage in developing castration cells. Endocrinology 111:1318-1329, 1982.

33. Hyde, C.L., Childs, G.V., Wahl, L.M., Naor, Z. and Catt, K.J. Preparation of gonadotropin-enriched cell populations from adult rat anterior pituitary cells by centrifugal elutriation. Endocrinology 111:1421-1423, 1982.

34. Westlund, K.N. and Childs, G.V. Localization of serotonin fibers in the rat adenohypophysis. Endocrinology 111:1761-1763, 1982.

35. Childs, G.V. and Unabia, G. The application of a new rapid avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method to the electron microscopic localization of pituitary hormones. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 30:1320-1324, 1982.

36. Childs, G.V. The use of multiple methods to validate immunocytochemical stains. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 31:168-176, 1983.

37. Childs, G.V. Neonatal development of the thyrotrope in the male rat pituitary. Endocrinology 112:1647-1652, 1983.

38. Childs, G.V., Ellison, D.G., Collins, T.J., Lorenzen, J.R. and Schwartz, N.B. Retardation of the development of castration cells by adrenalectomy or sham adrenalectomy. Endocrinology 113:166-177, 1983.

39. Childs, G.V., Hyde, C. and Naor, Z. Morphometric analysis of thyrotropes in developing and cycling female rats: Studies of intact pituitaries and cell fractions separated by centrifugal elutriation. Endocrinology 113:1601-1607, 1983.

40. Childs, G.V., Hyde, C., Naor, Z. and Catt, K. Heterogeneous LH and FSH storage patterns in subtypes of gonadotropes separated by centrifugal elutriation. Endocrinology 113:2120-2128, 1983. Note: This paper has been reprinted twice in the "Survey of Obstetrics and Gynecology" with a review by the editors discussing the significance of the work (see issues published in October, 1984 and January, 1985).

41. Childs, G.V., Naor, Z., Hazum, E., Tibolt, R., Westlund, K.M. and Hancock, M.B. Localization of biotinylated gonadotropin releasing hormone on pituitary monolayer cells with avidin-biotin peroxidase complexes. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 31:1422-1425, 1983.

42. Childs, G.V., Naor, Z., Hazum, E., Tibolt, R., Westlund, K.N. and Hancock, M.B. Cytochemical characterization of pituitary target cells for biotinylated gonadotropin releasing hormone. Peptides 4(4):549-555, 1983.

43. Westlund, K.N., Chmielowiec, S. and Childs, G.V. Somatostatin fibers and their relationship to specific cell types (GH and TSH) in the rat anterior pituitary. Peptides 4(4):557-562, 1983.

44. Childs, G.V. Application of dual pre-embedding stains for gonadotropins to pituitary cell monolayers with avidin-biotin (ABC) and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) complexes: Light microscopic studies. Stain Technology 58:281-289, 1983.

45. Tung, K.S.K., Ellis, E., Childs, G.V. and Dufau, M. The dark mink: A model of male infertility. Endocrinology 114:922-929, 1984.

46. Westlund, K.N., Wynn, P.J., Chmielowiec, S., Collins, T.J. and Childs, G.V. Characterization of a potent biotin-conjugated CRF analog and the response of anterior pituitary corticotropes. Peptides 5:627-634, 1984.

47. Westlund, K.N., Aguilera, G. and Childs, G.V. Quantification of morphological changes in pituitary corticotropes produced by in vivo CRF stimulation and adrenalectomy. Endocrinology 116:439-445, 1985.

48. Childs, G.V. Shifts in gonadotropin storage in cultured gonadotropes following GnRH stimulation in vitro. Peptides 6:103-107, 1985.

49. Tibolt, R.E. and Childs, G.V. Cytochemical and cytophysiological studies of GnRH target cells in the male rat pituitary: Differential effects of androgens and corticosterone on GnRH binding and gonadotropin release. Endocrinology 117(1):396-404, 1985.

50. Childs, G.V., Unabia, G. and Tibolt, R. How the fixation-embedding protocol affects the specificity and efficiency of immunocytochemical stains for gonadotropin subunits. Am. J. Anat. 174:409-417, 1986.

51. Naor, Z. and Childs, G.V. Action and binding of gonadotropin releasing hormone to target cells in pituitary and gonads. Int'l Rev. Cytology 103:147-187, 1986.

52. Niendorf, A., Dietel, M., Arps, H., Lloyd, J. and Childs, G.V. Visualization of binding sites for parathyroid hormone (1-84) on cultured kidney cells with Biotinyl- -PTH (1-84). J. Histochem. Cytochem. 34:357-361, 1986.

53. Childs, G.V., Ellison, D.G. and Unabia, G. Immunocytochemical studies of pituitary hormones with PAP, ABC, and immunogold techniques: Evolution of technology to best fit the antigen. Am. J. Anat. 175:307-330, 1986.

54. Ibrahim, S.N., Moussa, S.M. and Childs, G.V. Morphometric studies of rat anterior pituitary cells after gonadectomy: Correlation of changes in gonadotropes with serum levels of gonadotropins. Endocrinology 119:629-637, 1986.

55. Wynn, P.C., Suarez-Quian, C.A., Childs, G.V. and Catt. K.J. Pituitary binding and internalization of GnRH agonist and antagonist analogues in vivo and in vitro. Endocrinology 119:1852-1863, 1986.

56. Childs, G.V., Hazum, E., Amsterdam, A., Limor, R. and Naor, Z. Cytochemical evidence for different routes of GnRH processing by large gonadotropes and granulosa cells. Endocrinology 119:1329-1338, 1986.

57. Childs, G.V., Morell, J.L. and Aguilera, G. Cytochemical studies of CRF receptors in anterior lobe corticotropes: Binding, glucocorticoid regulation and endocytosis of [Biotinyl-Ser¹] CRF. Endocrinology 119:2129-2142, 1986.

58. Limor, R., Ayalon, D., Capponi, A., Childs, G.V. and Naor, Z. Cytosolic free calcium levels in cultured pituitary cells separated by centrifugal elutriation: Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 120:497-503, 1987.

59. Childs, G.V. and Burke, J. Use of the reverse hemolytic plaque assay to study the regulation of anterior lobe ACTH secretion by CRF, AVP, A-II and glucocorticoids. Endocrinology 120:439-444, 1987.

60. Childs, G.V., Unabia, G., Burke, J.A. and Marchetti, C. Secretion from corticotropes after avidin-fluorescein stains for biotinylated ligands (CRF or AVP). Am. J. Physiol. 252:(Endocrinol.Metab. 15):E347-E356, 1987.

61. Marchetti, C., Childs, G.V. and Brown, A.M. Membrane currents of identified isolated rat corticotropes and gonadotropes. Am. J. Physiol. 252:(Endocrinol. Metab. 15):E340-346, 1987.

62. Childs, G.V., Marchetti, C. and Brown, A.M. Involvement of sodium channels and two types of calcium channels in the regulation of ACTH release. Endocrinology, 120:2059-2069, #5, 1987.

63. May, V., Wilber, J.F., U'Prichard, D.C. and Childs, G.V. Persistence of immunoreactive TRH and GnRH in long-term primary anterior pituitary culture. Peptides, 8:543-558, 1987.

64. Childs, G.V. Cytochemical studies of the regulation of ACTH secretion. Ann.. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 512:248-276, 1987.

65. Childs, G.V., Unabia, G., Tibolt, R. and Lloyd, J.M. Cytological factors that support non-parallel secretion of LH and FSH during the estrous cycle. Endocrinology 121:1801-1813, 1987.

66. Childs, G.V., Lloyd, J., Unabia, G., Gharib, S.D., Wierman, M.E. and Chin, W.W. Detection of LH mRNA in individual gonadotropes after castration: use of a new in situ hybridization method with a photobiotinylated cRNA probe. Molecular Endocrinology 1:926-932, 1987.

67. Lloyd, J.M. and Childs, G.V. Differential storage and release of LH and FSH from individual gonadotropes separated by centrifugal elutriation. Endocrinology 122:1282-1290, 1988.

68. Lloyd, J.M. and Childs, G.V. Changes in the number of GnRH-receptive cells during the rat estrous cycle: biphasic effects of estradiol. Neuroendocrinology 48:138-146, 1988.

69. Niendorf, A. Dietel, M., Arps, H., and Childs, G.V. A novel method to demonstrate parathyroid hormone binding on unfixed living target cells in culture. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 36:307-309, 1988.

70. Drewe, J.A., Childs, G. V., and Kunze, D. L. Synaptic transmission mediated by amino acids in isolated neurons from a mammalian medial solitary tract nucleus. Science 241:1810-1812, 1988.

71. Childs, G.V., Lloyd, J.M., Unabia, G. and Rougeau, D. Enrichment of corticotropes by counterflow centrifugation. Endocrinology 123:2885-2895, 1988.

72. Childs, G.V., and Unabia, G. Activation of protein Kinase C and voltage dependent calcium channels enhances binding of CRH by anterior pituitary cells. Mol. Endo. 3:117-126, 1989.

73. Childs, G. V., Westlund, K., and Unabia, G. Characterization of anterior pituitary target cells for arginine vasopressin: including cells that store adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin- and both hormones. Endocrinology 125:554-559, 1989.

74. Childs, G. V., Yamauchi, K. and Unabia, G. Localization and quantification of hormones, ligands and mRNA with affinity-gold probes. Amer. J. Anat. 185:223-235, 1989.

75. Childs, G.V., Lloyd, J., Unabia, G. and Rougeau, D. Growth and secretory responses of enriched populations of corticotropes. Endocrinology 125:2540-2549, 1989.

76. Marchetti, C., Childs, G.V. and Brown, A.M. Voltage-dependent calcium currents in gonadotropes separated by centrifugal elutriation. Amer. J. Physiol. E589-E596, 1990.

77. Childs, G.V. and Unabia, G. Rapid corticosterone inhibition of CRH binding and ACTH release by enriched populations of corticotropes: Counteractions by AVP and its second messengers. Endocrinology 126:1967-1975, 1990.

78. Childs, G.V., Unabia, G., Weirman, M.E., Gharib, S.D. and Chin, W.W. Castration induces time-dependent changes in the FSH -mRNA-containing gonadotrope cell population. Endocrinology 126:2205-2213, 1990.

79. Sasaki, F., Wu, P., Rougeau, D., Unabia, G. and Childs, G.V. Cytochemical studies of responses of corticotropes and thyrotropes to cold and novel environment stress. Endocrinology 127:285-297, 1990.

80. Childs, G.V. Subsets of pituitary intermediate lobe cells bind CRH and secrete ACTH/CLIP in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Peptides 11:729-736, 1990.

81. Wu, Ping and Childs, G.V. Cold and Novel environment stress affects AVP mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus, but not the supraoptic nucleus: an in situ hybridization study. Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, 1:233-249, 1990.

82. Childs, G.V. Multipotential pituitary cells that contain ACTH and other pituitary hormones. Trends in Endocrin. and Metab. 2(3):112-117, 1991.

83. Wu, Ping A. and Childs, G.V. Changes in rat pituitary POMC mRNA after exposure to cold or a novel environment detected by in situ hybridization. Journal Histochem Cytochem. 39(6):843-852, 1991.

84. Childs, G.V., Westlund, K.N., Tibolt, R.E. and Lloyd, J.M. Hypothalamic regulatory peptides and their receptors: their role in regulation at the adenohypophysial level. J. Elect. Mic. Tech. 19:21-41, 1991.

85. Childs, G.V., Patterson, J., Unabia, G., Rougeau, D. and Wu, P. Epidermal growth factor enhances ACTH secretion and expression of POMC mRNA by corticotropes in mixed and enriched cultures. Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, 2: 235-243 1991.

86. Childs, G.V., Taub, K., Jones, K.E. and Chin, W.W. Tri-ioodothyronine receptor -2 mRNA expression by somatotropes and thyrotropes: Effect of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Endocrinol, 129:2767-2773, 1991.

87. Jameson, J.L., Weiss, J., Bloom, S.R., Childs, G.V., Polak, J.M., Langloss, J. M. and Prentice, D.E. Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit-producing pituitary adenomas in rats treated for one year with calcitonin. Am. J. Pathol.140:75-84, 1992

88. Childs, G.V., Unabia, G., Lloyd, J. Recruitment and maturation of small subsets of luteinizing hormone (LH) gonadotropes during the estrous cycle, Endocrinology, 130:335-345 1992.

89. Childs, G.V., Unabia, G., Lee, B.L., Rougeau, D. Heightened secretion by small and medium-sized luteinizing hormone (LH) gonadotropes late in the cycle suggests contributions to the LH surge or possible paracrine interactions, Endocrinology, 130: 345-352 1992.

90. Childs, G.V. Structure-function correlates in the corticotropes of the anterior pituitary. Front. Neuroendocrin. 13(3):271-317, 1992.

91. Kaiser, U, Lee, BL, Unabia, G, Chin, W, Childs, G.V. Follistatin gene expression in gonadotropes and folliculostellate cells of diestrous rats. Endocrinology 130(5):3048-3056, 1992.

92. Childs, G.V. Unabia, G. Lloyd. J.M Maturation of FSH gonadotropes during the rat estrous cycle. Endocrinology 131(1):29-36, 1992.

93. Vigh, S., Arimura A, Gottschall, P.E., Kitada, C., Somogyvari-Vigh A., Childs, G.V. Cytochemical characterization of anterior pituitary target cells for the neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), using biotinylated ligands. Peptides, 14: 59-65 1993.

94. Lee, B.L., Unabia, G., Childs, G. Expression of follistatin mRNA in somatotropes and mammotropes early in the estrous cycle J. Histochem. Cytochem, 41: 955-960, 1993.

95. Childs, G.V. , Unabia G., Rougeau D. Cells that Express Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Beta ( ) Subunit mRNAs during the Estrous Cycle: The major contributors contain LH , FSH and/or Growth Hormone, Endocrinology, 134: 990-997 1994.

96. Childs, G.V., Geda Unabia, and Brian T. Miller, Cytochemical detection of GnRH binding sites on rat pituitary cells with LH, FSH and GH antigens during diestrous upregulation. Endocrinology 134: 1943-1951, 1994.

97. Patterson, J.C. and Gwen V. Childs. Nerve Growth Factor and its receptor in the anterior pituitary. Endocrinology 135:1689-1697, 1994.

98. Patterson, J.C. and Childs, G.V. Nerve Growth Factor in the Anterior pituitary: Regulation of Secretion. Endocrinology 135: 1697-1704, 1994.

99. Childs, G.V. Division of Labor among Gonadotropes, Vitamins and Hormones, 50: 217-283, 1994.

100. Fan, X, Nagle, G.T., Collins, T.J., and Childs, G.V. Differential Regulation of EGF and TGF in the rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamus induced by stresses. Endocrinology 136: 873-880, 1995.

101. Childs, G.V., Rougeau, D., Unabia G. Corticotropin releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor: mitogens for anterior pituitary corticotropes. Endocrinology 136: 1595-1602, 1995.

102. Fan, X. and Childs GV. EGF and TGF mRNA and their Receptors in the Rat Anterior pituitary: Localization and Regulation Endocrinology, 136: 2284-2324, 1995.

103. Kuryshev, Yuri A., Childs, GV, Ritchie, AK. Three high threshold calcium channel subtypes in rat corticotropes. Endocrinology, 3916-3924, 1995.

104. Kuryshev, Y.A., Childs, G.V., and Ritchie A.K. Corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation of Ca²⁺ entry in corticotropes is partially dependent on protein Kinase A. Endocrinology 137: 3925-3935, 1995.

105. Kuryshev, YA, Childs, GV and Ritchie, AK. Corticotropin releasing hormone stimulates Ca²⁺ entry through L-and P-type Ca²⁺ channels in rat corticotropes. Endocrinology, 137: 2269-2277, 1996.

106. Ritchie, A.K., Kuryshev, Y.A., and Childs, G.V. Corticotropin releasing hormone and calcium signaling in corticotropes. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 7: 365-369, 1996.

107. Ghosh, BR, J.C., Wu, G.V. Childs, and W.L. Miller, Inhibin and Estradiol Alter Gonadotropes Differentially in Ovine Pituitary Cultures: Changing Gonadotrope numbers and Calcium Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Endocrinology, 137: 5144-5154, 1996.

108. Childs, GV. Cytochemical studies of multifunctional gonadotropes. Microscopy Research and Techniques, 39: 114-130, 1997.

109. Childs, GV. Simultaneous identification of a specific gene protein product and transcript using combined immunocytochemistry and In Situ Hybridization with non-radioactive probes. Scanning Microscopy Supplement 10, 17-26, 1997.

110. Childs, GV, Miller B, and Miller, W. Differential effects of inhibin on gonadotropin stores and gonadotropin releasing hormone binding to pituitary cells from cycling female rats. Endocrinology, 138:1577-1584, 1997.

111.Armstrong, J and Childs, GV. Changes in expression of epidermal growth factor receptors by anterior pituitary cells during the estrous cycle. Cyclic expression by gonadotropes. Endocrinology, 138:1903-1908, 1997.

112.Armstrong, J and Childs, GV. Differential Expression of c-fos in vitro by all anterior pituitary cell types during the estrous cycle: enhanced expression by luteinizing hormone but not follicle stimulating hormone cells. J Histochem Cytochem, 45(6): 785-794, 1997.

113. Childs, GV and Unabia, G. Cytochemical studies of the effects of activin on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) binding by pituitary gonadotropes and growth hormone cells. J Histochem Cytochem, 45: 1603-1610, 1997.

114. Armstrong, JL, and Childs G. Regulation of expreession of epidermal growth factor receptors in gonadotropes by epidermal growth factor and estradiol: Studies in cycling female rats Endocrinology 138: 5434-5441.

115. Kuryshev YA; Haak L; Childs GV; Ritchie AK Corticotropin releasing hormone inhibits an inwardly rectifying potassium current in rat corticotropes. J Physiol (Lond) 1997 Jul 15;502 ( Pt 2):265-79

116. Armstrong, J, and Childs, GV Regulation of C-fos mRNA and Protein by EGF and GnRH within Proestrous Female Rat Anterior Pituitary Glands, J Histochem Cytochem, 46: 935-943, 1998

117. Childs, GV Gonadotropes. Article 184, Encyclopedia of Reproduction 2: 1151-1159, 1998 

118. Xie, J., Nagle, GT., Childs, GV, and Ritchie, AK. Expression of the L-Type Ca²⁺ Channel in AtT-20 Cells Is Regulated by Cyclic AMP, Neuroendocrinology,70:1-9, 1999.

119. Xie, J., Nagle, GT., Ritchie, AK, Collins TJ, Childs, GV., Cold Stress and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Induced Changes in Messenger Ribonucleic Acid for the a₁ Subunit of the L-Type Ca²⁺ Channel in the Rat Anterior Pituitary and Enriched Populations of Corticotropes, Neuroendocrinology, 70:10-19, 1999.

120. Childs, GV Geda Unabia, Brian T. Miller, and T. Jackie Collins, Enhanced Expression of Gonadotropins by Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Target cells from Proestrous female rats J Endocrin. 162: 177-187, 1999

121. Childs, GV, Unabia, G, Wu, P. Differential Expression of Growth Hormone mRNA by    somatotropes and gonadotropes in male and cycling female rats, Endocrinology, 141:1560-1570, 2000.

122. Childs, GV Growth hormone cells as co-gonadotropes: Partners in the regulation of the reproductive system. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11: 168-174, 2000.

123. Childs GV, 2000 Green fluorescent protein lights the way to a better understanding of the function and regulation of specific anterior pituitary cells.  Editorial for Endocrinology 141:4331-4333

131. McDuffie, I,  Akhter, N, and Childs, GV  Regulation of leptin expression in anterior pituitary somatotropes.  J Histochem Cytochem, 52: 263--273 (2004).

132. Childs GV, Iruthayanathan M, Akhter N, Unabia G, Whitehead-Johnson B. 2004 Bipotential Effects of Estrogen on  Growth Hormone Synthesis and Storage, in vitro Endocrinology Apr;146(4):1780-8.

135. Iruthayanathan, M., Zhou, Y, and Childs, GV 2005 DHEA Restoration of GH Gene Expression in Aging Female Rats, in vivo and in vitro - Evidence for Actions Via Estrogen Receptors. Endocrinology, epub ahead of print, September 8, 2005; 146(12):5176-87.

Books:

1. Childs, G.V., Editor, IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY. Alan R. Liss, New York, 1986.

Book or Sy