The Cytoskeletal System regulates organization and motility of organelles and cells

Microtubules: What is the structural subunit?

Negative stained preparation

"EM view of microtubules."

Microtubules under membrane

LM fluorescence

Nucleation

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Elongation

Microtubule
 assembly

Addition of tubulin dimers at plus end vs the minus end.

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Where are microtubules formed?

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"Cell size and shape altered..."

Dynamic instability?  What is it and how does it relate to cell function?

Microtubule growth and disassembly

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GTP cap: What is it and why is it important?

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Is GTP hydrolysis needed for microtubule formation?

Types of Microtubule associated proteins
Assembly MAPS

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Immunolabeling for MAPs

Microtubule
associated proteins: Motors

Motors

EM of
motors

Two motor
proteins

"Cargo Vesicles may have multiple..."

In vitro study to show a modern approach

Isolated Golgi membranes

Movement of Golgi vesicles

Directionality of movement

How would MAPs help with the functional differentiation of a cell?

Drug effects on microtubules.

Role of microtubules in moving  vesicles and organelles

Can vesicular movement occur by simple diffusion?

How long would it take for a vesicle to diffuse down a 1 m axon?

Examples of axonal transport

Role of microtubules in transport:

Example: studies of VSV-GFP virus glycoprotein.

Effects of nocodazole on transport.

Later Nocodazole Rx

Transition to normal

LM view of Golgi dispersal

Golgi-ER overlap

Conclusions about MT

Microtubules are involved in:

How are cilia formed?
How do they differ from flagella?

Steps to the formation of a cilium

Cilia/flagella structure

Diagram of cilium

EM of cilium

Cilia motility

What happens if you remove nexin bridges?

EM view of MT and Dynein

Advantage of Nexin

EM view

What is the importance of the centriole in cilium formation?

How is the centriole different from cilia or flagella?

Centriole structure

How do centrioles replicate?

Centriolar replication